[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ custom_padding=”28px|0px|0|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”27px|0px|0|0px|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_4_font=”|700||on|||||” header_4_text_align=”center” header_4_text_color=”#000000″ header_4_font_size=”19px” header_4_letter_spacing=”1px”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ specialty=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ custom_padding=”24px|0px|25px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ specialty_columns=”3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Editoral in Hungarian” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/szerk_lev_honalpra.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.2″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/szerk_lev_honalpra.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n
Idegtudom\u00e1nyi alap\u00fa n\u00f3menklat\u00fara (NbN) a neuropszichofarmakol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban<\/strong> [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Az ut\u00f3bbi m\u00e1sf\u00e9l-k\u00e9t \u00e9vtizedben egyre nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3bb\u00e1 v\u00e1lt, hogy a pszichi\u00e1triai gyakorlatban haszn\u00e1lt szerek n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1ja nem tu\u0308kr\u00f6zi kell\u0151k\u00e9ppen idegtudom\u00e1nyi alapokon nyugv\u00f3 ismereteinket. Gyakran rendelu\u0308nk hangulatjav\u00edt\u00f3kat p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul szorong\u00e1sos zavarok, vagy antipszichotikumokat depresszi\u00f3s \u00e1llapotok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. T\u00f6bb gy\u00f3gyszercsoport eset\u00e9ben elt\u00e9r\u0151 kifejez\u00e9seket (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul at\u00edpusos, els\u0151, m\u00e1sodik vagy harmadik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3s antipszichotikumok) alkalmazunk a szerek klinikai vagy farmakol\u00f3giai jellemz\u0151inek le\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ra, azonban e jellemz\u0151k az\u00f3ta elvesztett\u00e9k pontoss\u00e1gukat hasonl\u00f3, de n\u00e9mileg elt\u00e9r\u0151 gy\u00f3gyszerek fejleszt\u00e9se miatt. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az antipszichotikumnak nevezett szerek kategorikus aspektus\u00e1nak tekintett \u201eat\u00edpusos\u201d jelleg ( a gy\u00f3gyszer \u201et\u00edpusos\u201d, ha D2 dopaminerg receptorokon keresztu\u0308l hat, \u00e9s extrapiramid\u00e1lis mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sokat okoz, vagy \u201eat\u00edpusos\u201d, ha pl. szerotonerg hat\u00e1s\u00fa, \u00e9s a 5-HT2A receptorra, vagy m\u00e1s neurotranszmitter rendszerre hat \u00e9s nincs extrapiramid\u00e1lis hat\u00e1sa) ma m\u00e1r ink\u00e1bb dimenzi\u00f3t jelent, melyet olyan farmakol\u00f3giai tulajdons\u00e1gok befoly\u00e1solnak, mint a receptork\u00f6t\u0151 profil, a disszoci\u00e1ci\u00f3s r\u00e1ta, a d\u00f3zis, \u00e9s m\u00e1s specifikus, pl. r\u00e9szleges agonista tulajdons\u00e1g.\u00a0A pszichi\u00e1triai diagn\u00f3zis szint\u00e9n a tu\u0308nettan szigor\u00fa kategoriz\u00e1l\u00e1st\u00f3l a dimenzion\u00e1lis \u00e9rtelemz\u00e9s fel\u00e9 mozdult el, l\u00e1sd affekt\u00edv vagy pszichotikus zavarok eset\u00e9ben a genetikai \u00e1tfed\u00e9seket. Az amerikai Nemzeti Ment\u00e1lis Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gu\u0308gyi Int\u00e9zet (NIMH) m\u00e9g tov\u00e1bb megy, az \u00e1ltala javasolt kutat\u00e1si dom\u00e9n krit\u00e9riumok\u00a0(RDoC) c\u00e9lja a ment\u00e1lis rendelleness\u00e9gek kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a tu\u0308netek le\u00edr\u00f3 m\u00e1trix\u00e1nak ment\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 idegtudom\u00e1nyi jellemz\u00e9se. A r\u00e9gi terminol\u00f3gia megnehez\u00edtheti a klinikusok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy megmagyar\u00e1zz\u00e1k a szorong\u00e1st\u00f3l szenved\u0151 betegnek, hogy mi\u00e9rt kell antidepressz\u00edv gy\u00f3gyszert (\u201eNem vagyok depresszi\u00f3s\u201d), vagy a depresszi\u00f3s p\u00e1ciensnek antipszichotikumot szedni (\u201eNem vagyok szkizofr\u00e9n\u201d). A gy\u00f3gyszerek elnevez\u00e9se \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a prim\u00e9r indik\u00e1ci\u00f3s sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot tu\u0308kr\u00f6zi, \u00e9s nem veszi figyelembe az \u00e9vtizedek alatt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat. A kezdetben depresszi\u00f3ra fejlesztett SSRI-ket napjainban f\u0151k\u00e9nt p\u00e1nikbetegs\u00e9gben, generaliz\u00e1lt szorong\u00e1sban, f\u00f3bi\u00e1kban, k\u00e9nyszeres zavarokban haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k; a quetiapint, melyet kezdetben a pszich\u00f3zis tu\u0308neteinek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re fejlesztettek, ma m\u00e1r a bipol\u00e1ris betegs\u00e9g azon alcsoportj\u00e1ban haszn\u00e1ljuk sikerrel, melyet a nyugtalans\u00e1g, aggodalom, alv\u00e1szavar, szuicid k\u00e9sztet\u00e9s, agit\u00e1ci\u00f3 jellemez. Sz\u00e1mos egy\u00e9b antipszichotikumot \u2013 pl. aripiprazol, risperidone, olanzapine, amisulpiride \u2013 kisebb d\u00f3zisban szint\u00e9n eredm\u00e9nnyel alkalmazunk szorong\u00e1sban illetve hangulatzavarokban. Ez a gyakorlat els\u0151 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sben sokszor megt\u00e9veszt\u0151 lehet, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos k\u00e9rd\u00e9st vet fel a klinikus, a p\u00e1ciens, a csal\u00e1dtagok \u00e9s a d\u00f6nt\u00e9shoz\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, melyekre v\u00e1laszolni kell, \u00e9s a hat\u00e1smechanikai ismeretek alapj\u00e1n lehet is.<\/p>\n \u00c9vekkel ezel\u00f6tt \u00f6t, pszichofarmakol\u00f3gi\u00e1val foglalkoz\u00f3 jelent\u0151s nemzetk\u00f6zi szervezet \u2013 ECNP, ACNP, AsCNP, CINP \u00e9s IUPHAR \u2013 munkacsoportot alap\u00edtott azzal a c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9ssel, hogy az aktu\u00e1lis idegtudom\u00e1nyi ismereteket be\u00e1gyazz\u00e1k a klinikai gyakorlatban alkalmazott pszichotr\u00f3p szerek \u00faj klasszifik\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer\u00e9be, az Idegtudom\u00e1ny-alap\u00fa N\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1ba (NbN). Az \u00faj n\u00f3menklat\u00fara a munkacsoport \u00e1ltal relev\u00e1nsnak it\u00e9lt, idegtudom\u00e1nyi adatokon alapul\u00f3, frissitett javaslatokat tartalmaz, melyek a c\u00e9lzott neurotranszmitterekre, molekul\u00e1kra \u00e9s rendszerekre gyakorolt hat\u00e1sokat tu\u0308kr\u00f6zik vissza. Figyelembe veszi m\u00e9g a gy\u00f3gyszeres kezel\u00e9sekre vonatkoz\u00f3 FDA \u00e9s EMA aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sokat, a hat\u00e1soss\u00e1got, a mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sprofilokat, emellett a neurobiol\u00f3giai dimenzi\u00f3ban a preklinikai \u00e9s f\u0151leg a klinikai eredm\u00e9nyekre f\u00f3kusz\u00e1l. A k\u00f6zponti idegrendszerre hat\u00f3 \u00f6sszes gy\u00f3gyszert pr\u00f3b\u00e1lj\u00e1k az \u00faj n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1ba foglalni, ezzel seg\u00edtve a klinikusokat \u00e9s a kutat\u00f3kat a korszer\u0171 \u00e9s \u00e9szszer\u0171 k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 neuropszichofarmakol\u00f3ogiai l\u00e9p\u00e9sben. Az NbN jelenleg \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben l\u00e9v\u0151 m\u00e1sodik kiad\u00e1sa 130 gy\u00f3gyszerr\u0151l ad t\u00e1j\u00e9koztat\u00e1st an\u00e9lku\u0308l , hogy a v\u00e9gs\u0151 tudom\u00e1nyos igazs\u00e1got k\u00e9pviseln\u00e9. Az NbN jelenleg m\u00e9g mindig gyerekcip\u0151ben j\u00e1r. Szu\u0308ks\u00e9ges l\u00e9p\u00e9st tenni p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a gyermekgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati pszichofarmakol\u00f3gia vagy az epilepszia kezel\u00e9se ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n A munkacsoport elismeri, hogy klasszifik\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rletu\u0308k nem t\u00f6k\u00e9letes, \u00e9s v\u00e1rj\u00e1k a folyamatos adatvisszacsatol\u00e1st az \u00faj felfedez\u00e9sekr\u0151l, a koll\u00e9g\u00e1k tapasztalatair\u00f3l, hogy a feldolgozott, tudom\u00e1nyosan \u00e1tsz\u0171rt adatok a Neuroscience-based Nomenclature k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban jelenjenek meg.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Original Papers ” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/fekete_honlapra.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/fekete_honlapra.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Dimensions of mentalization in psychotic disorders [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n The clinical assessment of mentalization became one of the most important issues in clinical [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Summary Papers” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/gecse_honlapra.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” custom_padding=”||4px|||” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/gecse_honlapra.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Significance of the endocannabinoid system in migraine<\/strong> [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Based on the traditional pain-relieving effect of Cannabis species an endogenous cannabinoidlike system was discovered in the human body. Endocannabinoids have important role in [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Anxiety and depression \u2013 the role of blood-brain barrier integrity” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/gal_honlapra.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/gal_honlapra.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Zs\u00f3fia G\u00e1l, Robin J. Huse, X\u00e9nia Gonda, Kumar Sahel, Gabriella Juh\u00e1sz, Gy\u00f6rgy Bagdy, \u00e9s P\u00e9ter Petschner<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” link_option_url_new_window=”on” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Among mental illnesses, anxiety disorders represent the second most frequent disorder. [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Transcriptomic changes following chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a review of animal studies” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/kumar_honlapra.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xxi-evfolyam-1-szam\/kumar_honlapra.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Sahel Kumar, Zsofia Gal, Xenia Gonda, Robin J Huse, Gabriella Juhasz, Gyorgy Bagdy, and Peter Petschner<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n The review focuses on transcriptomic changes following treatment with serotonin reuptake [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/borito_honlapra_2019_marc.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ box_shadow_style=”preset3″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2019Idegtudom\u00e1nyi alap\u00fa n\u00f3menklat\u00fara (NbN) a neuropszichofarmakol\u00f3gi\u00e1banFaludi G\u00e1borAz ut\u00f3bbi m\u00e1sf\u00e9l-k\u00e9t \u00e9vtizedben egyre nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3bb\u00e1 v\u00e1lt, hogy a pszichi\u00e1triai gyakorlatban haszn\u00e1lt szerek n\u00f3menklat\u00far\u00e1ja nem tu\u0308kr\u00f6zi kell\u0151k\u00e9ppen idegtudom\u00e1nyi alapokon nyugv\u00f3 ismereteinket. Gyakran rendelu\u0308nk hangulatjav\u00edt\u00f3kat p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul szorong\u00e1sos zavarok, vagy antipszichotikumokat depresszi\u00f3s \u00e1llapotok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. T\u00f6bb gy\u00f3gyszercsoport eset\u00e9ben elt\u00e9r\u0151 kifejez\u00e9seket (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul at\u00edpusos, els\u0151, m\u00e1sodik vagy harmadik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"project_category":[52],"project_tag":[],"class_list":["post-48517","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project_category-2019-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/48517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48517"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/48517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49244,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/48517\/revisions\/49244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=48517"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=48517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Faludi G\u00e1bor<\/em><\/p>\n
Kata\u00a0<\/em>Fekete, Edina T\u00f6r\u00f6k, Oguz Kelemen, Zolt\u00e1n Makkos, Katalin\u00a0 Csig\u00f3 and\u00a0Szabolcs K\u00e9ri<\/em><\/p>\n
psychology and psychiatry. Despite extensive research efforts, the exact definition, classification, and evaluation of mentalization is unresolved, especially in psychotic disorders. The
primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the Mentalization Questionnaire. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the dimensions of
mentalization and the positive, negative, and general symptoms of psychotic disorders, as
well as potential associations with antipsychotic medications. We recruited two independent
samples: the first consisted of 94 individuals (schizophrenia, n=63; schizoaffective disorder,
n=21; psychotic bipolar disorder, n=10), and the second included 75 patients (schizophrenia,
n=60; schizoaffective disorder, n=10; psychotic bipolar disorder, n=5). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed four dimensions in both samples: self-reflection, emotional
awareness, psychic equivalence, and affective regulation. The two samples did not differ in
Mentalization Questionnaire scores. The severity of negative symptoms significantly correlated
with weak self-reflection. The dose of first- and second-generation antipsychotics was not associated with mentalization. In summary, the questionnaire is suitable for the measurement
of mentalization in psychotic disorders. Mentalization is not a unitary phenomenon: its four
psychometric components were differentially associated with clinical symptoms, but not with
antipsychotic medications.
Keywords: mentalization, psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, antipsychotics<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Kinga\u00a0<\/em>Gecse, Gy\u00f6rgy Bagdy and Gabriella Juh\u00e1sz<\/em><\/p>\n
the homeostasis of the body, such as stress response and mood control, feeding behaviour,
energy balance and metabolism, immunological processes, and also play important role in
controlling pain processing. Previous studies suggested that an endokannabinoid dysfunction, namely endokannabinoid deficit, might contribute to the development of migraine
and its chronification. Although, the exact nature of the relationship between migraine and
endokannabinoid system is not fully understood yet, in this brief review we summarise research results suggesting that the endokannabinoid system may be a potential drug target
in the migraine therapy.
Keywords: migraine, endokannabinoid system, genetics, therapy, stress<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
According to WHO Survey 2017, 264 million people suffer from their different types globally.
The emergence of anxiety disorders can often increase the likelihood of developing other
psychiatric illnesses such as depression, which is the most common mental illness with 300
million people affected worldwide. Although the two diseases mentioned above are widespread throughout the world, the exact physiological causes of their development and the
way they are connected are not well understood. However, in order to be able to use right
treatment it would be important to know the physiological background in their development. The use of anxiolytics and antidepressants is not always effective and safe, which may
be due to the subtypes of these mental disorders with different etiologies. Identifying the
right therapeutic strategies could be also challenging because of the phenotypic overlap
between anxiety disorders and depression. Their comorbidity has been confirmed by many
studies, but their exact physiological relationship is still unclear. Previous studies suggested
that blood-brain barrier proteins play an important role in the development of depression
and anxiety disorders and might partially explain their comorbidities. In our summary we
review the current literature related to this topic.
Keywords: depression, anxiety, blood-brain barrier, Claudin-5, MDR1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. We aimed to overview results of the most established methods for the investigation of the gene expression alterations including northern blotting, in
situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR),
microarray and RNAseq in various brain regions and after chronic treatment protocols.
In spite of some measurable changes in serotonin system mRNA expression, serotonin
transporter levels remained mostly unaltered following various treatment protocols. In
contrast, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 appeared to be downregulated in serotonergic nuclei,
and upregulated in the midbrain regions. Alterations in serotonin receptors lack clear conclusions and changes probably reflect animal strain\/substance related- and brain region
dependent effects. Brain derived neurotrophic factor was upregulated following many, but
not all chronic treatment regimens. GABA and glutamate genes also showed heterogeneous
changes, with a surprising NMDA receptor downregulation in areas including the striatum
and amygdala, known to be involved in depressive states and stress reactions. The review
of the above studies suggests alterations in multiple processes, reflecting the heterogeneity of the action depending on brain area and type of SSRI, and raises the possibility of a
novel grouping of antidepressant medications based on their chronic molecular profile
rather than on their initial actions.
(Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2019; 21(1): 26\u201335)
Keywords: SSRI, BDNF, rat, transcriptomics, 5-HTT<\/p>\n<\/div>\n