[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22.7″ custom_padding=”||5px|||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ specialty=”on” _builder_version=”3.22.3″ custom_padding=”24px|0px|25px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ specialty_columns=”3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Editoral in Hungarian ” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/szerklevel%20kalmar.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/szerklevel kalmar.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n
S\u00e1ndor Kalm\u00e1r<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”3.22.7″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n
S\u00falyos t\u00e9ny, hogy a pszichi\u00e1triai ell\u00e1t\u00e1s ma Magyarorsz\u00e1gon mind a szem\u00e9lyi, mind a t\u00e1rgyi felt\u00e9teleket illet\u0151en jelent\u0151sen elmarad a sz\u00fcks\u00e9gest\u0151l, a nemzetk\u00f6zi elv\u00e1r\u00e1sokt\u00f3l, de a hasonl\u00f3 fejletts\u00e9g\u0171 orsz\u00e1gokt\u00f3l is. A magyar pszichi\u00e1terek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek a tud\u00e1sa a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi, gazdag orsz\u00e1gok pszichi\u00e1triai betegeit gy\u00f3gy\u00edtja, mik\u00f6zben a magyar betegek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sze m\u00e9g a minim\u00e1lis pszichi\u00e1triai ell\u00e1t\u00e1st sem kapja meg. Ezt a helyzetet csak tov\u00e1bb rontotta a hat \u00e9ve \u201ebrut\u00e1lis\u201d, egyszem\u00e9lyi miniszteri d\u00f6nt\u00e9ssel jogut\u00f3d n\u00e9lk\u00fcl megsz\u00fcntetett, 1868-ban alap\u00edtott Orsz\u00e1gos Pszichi\u00e1triai \u00e9s Neurol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet. Ezzel a felel\u0151tlen d\u00f6nt\u00e9ssel a magyar pszichi\u00e1tria \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados hagyom\u00e1nyokon \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 kultikus tere pusztult el, \u00e9s a felel\u0151s\u00f6k sz\u00e1monk\u00e9r\u00e9se m\u00e1r soha sem fog megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nni. Az OPNI romja, az \u00e9p\u00fclet maradv\u00e1nya, mint az egyiptomi piramisok (ugyan\u00fagy kifosztva, de m\u00e9gis m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gteljesen) mag\u00e1nyosan ki\u00e1lt az \u00e9g fel\u00e9 Lip\u00f3tmez\u0151n. Benne kincskeres\u0151k turk\u00e1ltak \u00e9s t\u00fcntett\u00e9k el a r\u00e9gm\u00falt id\u0151k rejtett kincseit, vagy a hat\u00f3s\u00e1g emberei tett\u00e9k t\u00f6nkre a r\u00e9gi id\u0151k \u00e9rt\u00e9kes t\u00e1rgyait, dokumentumait, amelyek ma m\u00e1r hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhetetlenn\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak a kutat\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. \u00c9s ezen m\u00e1r a rem\u00e9nyt visszahoz\u00f3, \u00fajonnan megalakult OPAI sem tud v\u00e1ltoztatni, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00fagy, hogy nincs egys\u00e9ges \u00e1ll\u00e1sfoglal\u00e1s az \u00faj int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t illet\u0151en, \u00e9s az orsz\u00e1g k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 pszichi\u00e1terei a legsz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9gesebb \u00e1ll\u00e1sfoglal\u00e1saikat szeretn\u00e9k megval\u00f3s\u00edttatni az OPAI \u00e9gisze alatt. Ma m\u00e9g azt sem lehet tudni, hogy mikorra val\u00f3sulnak meg a jelenleg kit\u0171z\u00f6tt c\u00e9lok \u00e9s kit\u0171n\u0151 elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sek, milyen lobbik lesznek, amelyek ezt jav\u00edtj\u00e1k, vagy h\u00e1tr\u00e1ltatj\u00e1k. Ennek ellen\u00e9re sz\u00e1mos k\u00f6zlem\u00e9ny igazolja, hogy a magyarorsz\u00e1gi pszichi\u00e1tereket mindig foglalkoztatta, \u00e9s ma is foglalkoztatja a pszichi\u00e1tria j\u00f6v\u0151je, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vtizedekben, amikor hihetetlen\u00fcl nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben fejl\u0151dik az idegrendszer kutat\u00e1sa \u00e9s a pszichi\u00e1triai betegs\u00e9gek gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s arzen\u00e1l. Sz\u00e1mos nemzetk\u00f6zileg is ismert \u00e9s elismert tud\u00f3s magyar pszichi\u00e1ter dolgozik ma haz\u00e1nkban \u00e9s k\u00fclf\u00f6ld\u00f6n egyar\u00e1nt, \u00e9s ideje lenne az \u00f6sszefog\u00e1snak, mert az egy\u00e9ni \u00e9rdekeket hangoztat\u00f3 kijelent\u00e9sek, m\u00e9g ha sok igazs\u00e1galapjuk van is, nem seg\u00edtik a magyarorsz\u00e1gi pszichi\u00e1triai betegek ell\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak a jobb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Differentiation between mild cognitive impairment and healthy elderly population using neuropsychological tests” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/csukly.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/csukly.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n
Enik\u0151 Sir\u00e1ly, Bernadett Szita, Vivienne Kov\u00e1cs, \u00c9va Csibri, Zolt\u00e1n Hidasi, P\u00e1l Salacz, \u00c1d\u00e1m Szab\u00f3, Viktor Maros, P\u00e9ter Han\u00e1k, B\u00e9la\u00a0 Pataki and G\u00e1bor Csukly<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n
Objective: Paired Associates Learning (PAL) test assesses brain functions in those brain regions affected earliest by Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. The aim of the present study was to assess
the usability of our implementation of the PAL test for screening mild cognitive impairment.
Methodology: Based on Petersen criteria, 14 out of the 63 subjects were diagnosed with
mild cognitive impairment. Visuospatial learning was assessed by our implementation of PAL
test. The ability of the PAL test to differentiate between study groups was compared to the
Addenbrook Cognitive Examination (ACE) and to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Linear logistic regression was used for statistical analysis, and the results are presented as
Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. All analyses were performed by SAS 9.2.
Results: All the results of neuropsychological tests differed significantly between the study
groups. However, considerable difference could be detected between the tests regarding
specificity and sensitivity. The PAL test reached the sensitivity of the ACE, while its specificity
was slightly under the ACE. Discussion: The PAL test developed in the framework of the present
study is found to be able to differentiate between MCI and healthy controls. It outperformed
the MMSE in terms of sensitivity and specificity, while it needs comparable time to perform.
Its sensitivity, the important parameter for screening, is comparable to ACE, while it needs
significantly shorter time and less assistance.<\/p>\n
<\/em><\/p>\n (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 139-146)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Keywords: mild cognitive impairment, screening, neuropsychological assessment, paired associates learning<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”The modern treatment of depression and agitation in elderly \u2013 the clinical use of trazodone ” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/osvath.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/osvath.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n P\u00e9ter Osv\u00e1th<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Due to their increasing frequency, mental disorders among the elderly have special importance (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 147-155)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Keywords: old age, depression, agitated behaviour, antidepressant, trazodone, complex therapy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Pharmacological treatment in alcohol-, drug- and benzodiazepine-dependent patients \u2013 the significance of trazodone” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-2-szam\/funk.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-2-szam\/funk.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Zolt\u00e1n Rihmer<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Currently detoxification of drug and alcohol dependent patients is pharmacologically (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 157-164)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Keywords: depression, benzodiazepine-dependence, alcohol deoendence, drug-dependence, sleeping problems<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Network Analysis of Neurotransmitter Related Human Kinase Genes. Possible Role of SRC, RAF1, PTK2B?” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/brys.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/brys.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Zoltan Brys, Andras Pluhar, Janos Tibor Kis, Bela Buda and Attila Szabo<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”3.22.7″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n Previous co-expression analysis of human kinase genes highlighted 119 genes in neurotransmitter-related activity (based on Go:Terms). Using a merged interactome dataset, we analyzed the network of these Neurotransmitter Related Human Kinase Genes. Using the full interactome dataset we extended the network and calculating degrees and closeness centralities we identified SRC, MAPK1, RAF1, PTK2B and AKT1 kinase genes as potentially relevant nodes which did not show relevant activity in the original experimental study. As AKT1 and MAPK1 have already been indicated in various neuronal functions, we hypothesize a potential direct or indirect role for SRC, RAF1, PTK2B genes in neurotransmission and in central nervous system signaling processes.<\/p>\n (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 165-171)<\/em><\/p>\n Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0network analysis, kinase gene, kinome, bioinformatics, neurotransmitter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Combination of second generation antipsychotics \u2013 case report” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/makkos.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/makkos.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Zolt\u00e1n Makkos<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Treatment guidelines suggest antipsychotic monotherapy in the treatment of psychosis. <\/span><\/p>\n (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 173-176)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Keywords: antipsychotics, combination, olanzapine, clozapine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_blurb title=”Antidepressz\u00edv kezel\u00e9shez t\u00e1rsul\u00f3 hiponatr\u00e9mia \u2013 esetismertet\u00e9s” url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/bognar.pdf” url_new_window=”on” image=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pdf.png” icon_placement=”left” image_max_width=”105%” content_max_width=”1100px” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”17px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”||on||||||” body_line_height=”1.3em” link_option_url=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/magazin\/pdf\/xv-evfolyam-3-szam\/bognar.pdf” link_option_url_new_window=”on”]<\/p>\n Zs\u00f3fia Bogn\u00e1r, Gabriella\u00a0 Vonyik and G\u00e1bor Gazdag<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=”Abstract” closed_toggle_text_color=”#000000″ closed_toggle_background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ _builder_version=”4.6.6″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_letter_spacing=”1px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_padding=”0px||10px” border_width_all=”0px” border_width_bottom=”1px”]<\/p>\n Hyponatremia is a potential side-effect of antidepressants that was observed most frequently <\/span><\/p>\n (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15(3): 177-180)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Keywords: hyponatremia, antidepressant treatment, serotonin, SIADH<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/mppt.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/b1_2013_szeptember_kicsi.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ box_shadow_style=”preset3″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" VOLUME 15, ISSUE 3, SEPTEMBER 2013S\u00e1ndor Kalm\u00e1r\u00a0 S\u00falyos t\u00e9ny, hogy a pszichi\u00e1triai ell\u00e1t\u00e1s ma Magyarorsz\u00e1gon mind a szem\u00e9lyi, mind a t\u00e1rgyi felt\u00e9teleket illet\u0151en jelent\u0151sen elmarad a sz\u00fcks\u00e9gest\u0151l, a nemzetk\u00f6zi elv\u00e1r\u00e1sokt\u00f3l, de a hasonl\u00f3 fejletts\u00e9g\u0171 orsz\u00e1gokt\u00f3l is. A magyar pszichi\u00e1terek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek a tud\u00e1sa a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi, gazdag orsz\u00e1gok pszichi\u00e1triai betegeit gy\u00f3gy\u00edtja, mik\u00f6zben a magyar betegek jelent\u0151s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"project_category":[62],"project_tag":[],"class_list":["post-49321","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project_category-2013-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/49321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49321"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/49321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49684,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/49321\/revisions\/49684"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=49321"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mppt.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=49321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
in the clinical practice. In this article we summarize the characteristics, diagnostic problems
and modern treatments of mental disorders (especially depression) in old age. As this period
of life means special somatic and psychic features in people\u2019s condition, it may be difficult to
find the most effective and well-tolerated treatment, especially in case of comorbid dementia or agitated behaviour. In this article we review the therapeutic experience with the SARI
antidepressant trazodone. Clinical studies and everyday practice indicate that trazodone due
to its special multifunctional receptorprofile can be particularly effective in the treatment of
depression accompanied by severe insomnia and anxiety. Due to its special anxiolytic and
sleep normalising effect and well-tolerated side effect profile trazodone is found to be clinically
useful not only in the treatment of depression in the elderly, but also in the case of serious
comorbidity with dementia or agitated behaviour. We also illustrate the possibilities of using
trazodone in the everyday practice with the presentation of two case reports. Furthermore
we review the viewpoints of complex therapy which facilitates the successful treatment of
depression in the elderly and the restoration of quality of life.<\/p>\n
unresolved, and long-term treatment following the acute phase is also not very successful including a high number of relapses. We would need medications that on the short
term cease: the severe vegetative symptoms, the pain, the extremely distressing psychosyndrome characterised by restlessness, anxiety or acute depressive symptoms, and the craving.
The optimal would be if there was one medication capable of simultaneously alleviating or
diminishing all the above symptoms without causing dependency and preventing relapse
in the long-term. Dependency is almost all cases accompanied by primary and\/or secondary mood disorder or sleep disorder which should also be treated. It should be considered,
however, that following withdrawal of the agent benzodiazepine dependency often develops. The serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) trazodone is effective in the
treatment of depression accompanied by sleeping disorder and it has also shown efficacy
in alcohol and benzodiazepine-dependency. Its administration may improve the efficacy of
detoxification and treatment of following conditions, may decrease medication load and the
risk of the development of benzodiazepine dependency. In our clinical practice we frequently
use this agent to treat our patients simultaneously suffering from depression and addiction
problems, gaining experience comparing it to other pharmacotherapies (benzodiazepines
or other antidepressants). The medication is not approved for alcohol and drug dependence,
however, treatment t of comorbid conditions is not against to the official recommendations.
Our aim was, in addition to reviewing the literature, to share our experience which, although
cannot be considered an evidence based study, we deemed worthy of publishing. We cannot,
at this point, put forward a protocol addressing all related scientific problems and problems
of off-label treatment, and we could not so far treat enough patients with trazodone so that
our results would be statistically proven. \u201dAcute\u201d and long term treatment of dependency is
not sufficiently effective with a substantial relapse rate, which is in part related to the lack of
specific medication also for long term treatment. Among the available psychopharmacons,
trazodone is a possible choice, since, as based on patients\u2019 reports and clinical observations,
improvement of their depressive conditions and sleep problems potentially decreases the
risk of relapse of drug and alcohol dependence.<\/p>\n
20-40% of patients take combination therapy in clinical practice due to inadequate treatment
response to monotherapy. First-generation antipsychotic monotherapy was ineffective in
case of our patient who had severe psychotic symptoms. Switching to a second generation
antipsychotic had partial therapeutic effect, the severe psychotic condition was persistent.
For this reason the therapy was changed to olanzapine-clozapine combination. Due to this
combination the patient\u2019s psychotic symptoms disappeared. He was able to maintain the
relationship with psychiatrist. During this therapy we observed good compliance, no more
drug abuse and lack of relapse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h4>\n
in connection with compounds acting on the serotonin system. Risk of hyponatremia was
found to be higher in the elderly. Authors report a case of a 65-year old male patient who was
treated with venlafaxine-mirtazapine combination for recurrent depression. Serious, intensive
care-requiring hyponatremia emerged in connection with the treatment. Authors emphasize
the importance of the regular check of serum sodium levels during antidepressant treatment,
especially in elderly patients.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n